466 samples, standard-grown
2020 · United States · USDA Pesticide Data Program · Calendar year
Pesticide residues found on orange juice
53% of standard-grown samples had at least one detected residue. Standard-grown means samples not identified as organic (called conventional in the source data). Detection does not, by itself, mean the food was unsafe.
All reported results below quantification
Two or more residues detected
Highest observed count: 4
Compared with the recorded EPA tolerance
33 samples, interpret cautiously
Annual context
How monitored results changed
Each row is a separate targeted survey. Samples can differ by retailer, origin and season, so this is context rather than a trend claim.
| Year | Standard-grown samples | Any residue | Multiple residues | Organic samples | Organic any residue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 ↗Calendar year | 466 | 53% | 25.5% | 33 | 3% |
| 2019 ↗Calendar year | 176 | 55.1% | 33% | 15 | 13.3% |
| 2012 ↗Calendar year | 322 | 28.6% | 8.7% | 8 | 0% |
| 2011 ↗Calendar year | 569 | 36.4% | 8.8% | 16 | 6.2% |
| 2010 ↗Calendar year | 189 | 54.5% | 5.3% | 2 | Withheld |
| 2006 ↗Calendar year | 539 | 54.5% | 14.7% | 18 | 16.7% |
| 2005 ↗Calendar year | 738 | 57.6% | 3.3% | 6 | 83.3% |
| 2004 ↗Calendar year | 185 | 50.3% | 0.5% | 1 | Withheld |
| 1998 ↗Calendar year | 699 | 16.6% | 4.1% | 1 | Withheld |
| 1997 ↗Calendar year | 698 | 18.9% | 6.6% | 0 | Withheld |
Residue detail
What was found on orange juice?
The most frequently detected residues across all 499 samples. This is the complete available table for this monitoring entry.
499samples checked
Detection does not establish harm. Health risk depends on both toxicity and the amount a person is exposed to.
What do these types mean?
- FungicideControls fungal diseases such as moulds and mildews.
- InsecticideControls insects that damage crops or stored food.
- HerbicideControls weeds competing with a crop.
- Growth regulatorChanges plant growth, development or ripening.
- Other / mixedCovers multiple substances or a role that cannot be reliably assigned from the published name.
These labels describe agricultural function, not a toxicity ranking.
| Residue | Type | Samples | Median | Higher result | Typical published limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiabendazole | Fungicide | 133 (26.7%) | 0.007 mg/kg | 0.055 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Reviewed evidence What regulators assessed: The long-term guidance value was based on body-weight suppression and nephrosis observed in an animal study at higher doses. Reference values
Reviewed from WHO/FAO JMPR, 2019 ↗ | |||||
| Diflubenzuron | Other / mixed | 131 (26.3%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.003 mg/kg | 3 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Imazalil | Fungicide | 96 (19.2%) | 0.025 mg/kg | 0.065 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Reviewed evidence What regulators assessed: Regulatory limits were derived from animal studies that observed changes including body-weight gain, blood chemistry and liver weight at higher doses. Reference values
Reviewed from WHO/FAO JMPR, 2018 ↗ | |||||
| 5-Hydroxythiabendazole | Other / mixed | 7 (1.4%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.005 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Imidacloprid | Insecticide | 5 (1%) | 0.003 mg/kg | 0.013 mg/kg | 0.7 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| O-Phenylphenol | Other / mixed | 4 (0.8%) | 0.007 mg/kg | 0.014 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Azoxystrobin | Fungicide | 3 (0.6%) | 0.004 mg/kg | 0.010 mg/kg | 15 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Carbaryl | Other / mixed | 3 (0.6%) | 0.003 mg/kg | 0.004 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Fludioxonil | Fungicide | 3 (0.6%) | 0.021 mg/kg | 0.022 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Flupyradifurone | Insecticide | 2 (0.4%) | 0.001 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 3 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Propiconazole | Other / mixed | 2 (0.4%) | 0.003 mg/kg | 0.005 mg/kg | 8 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Pyrimethanil | Fungicide | 2 (0.4%) | 0.007 mg/kg | 0.008 mg/kg | 10 mg/kg |
Reviewed evidence What regulators assessed: The long-term reference value was based on liver and thyroid changes observed in animal studies at higher doses. Reference values
Reviewed from WHO/FAO JMPR, 2007 ↗ | |||||
| Fenpropathrin | Other / mixed | 2 (0.4%) | 0.001 mg/kg | 0.001 mg/kg | 2 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Dimethoate | Other / mixed | 2 (0.4%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 2 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Fenbuconazole | Other / mixed | 1 (0.2%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 1 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Carbendazim (MBC) | Other / mixed | 1 (0.2%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.000 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Clothianidin | Other / mixed | 1 (0.2%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.4 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Thiamethoxam | Other / mixed | 1 (0.2%) | 0.001 mg/kg | 0.001 mg/kg | 0.4 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
| Diphenylamine (DPA) | Other / mixed | 1 (0.2%) | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.002 mg/kg | 0.000 mg/kg |
Health summary pending No reviewed substance-specific summary is available, so no health effect is inferred. Search WHO/FAO JMPR ↗ | |||||
“Higher result” is an approximate 95th-percentile observed concentration, not a safety threshold. Amounts of different pesticides should not be added together or compared directly. Functional types describe their usual agricultural role; they are not hazard or toxicity rankings.
ADI and ARfD are intake reference values, not limits for one food sample. A personal assessment would also require consumption, body-weight and wider exposure data. Source programmes report legal Maximum Residue Level results separately.
What this tells you
A monitoring result, not a verdict.
USDA PDP selects rotating commodities, with emphasis on foods important to consumer diets, including foods eaten by infants and children. It is not a test of every orange juice product sold in United States. This entry’s latest included calendar year release is from 2020.
Comparable annual records are available for 2020, 2019, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2006, 2005, 2004, 1998, 1997.
Published MRLs or tolerances are regulatory limits associated with pesticide use. Consumer-risk assessment is a separate process.
Broader sample coverage. At least 50 samples: broader monitoring coverage, but still targeted rather than random.
Compare organic and standard-grown results →Common questions
How to read these orange juice results
Were pesticide residues detected on orange juice?
53% of 466 standard-grown samples in the 2020 USDA Pesticide Data Program dataset had at least one quantified residue.
Does that mean orange juice were unsafe?
No. A laboratory detection is not, by itself, a consumer-risk finding. Regulators assess dietary risk separately.
Should I buy organic orange juice?
The monitored organic samples had a 3% detection rate, compared with 53% for standard-grown samples. This is a shopping-priority comparison, not a health-risk score.